Autism

Too Many Brain Cells Are Sign of Autism

If future research can pinpoint why an excessive number of brain cells are there in the first place, it will have a large impact on understanding autism, and perhaps on developing new treatments, said Courchesne.

 

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Andrew Carnie, Autumn Twist

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Having a big brain may seem like an advantage at first thought, but new research indicates that it may be one symptom of autism. Boys with autism displayed an abnormally large number of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain involved in social, communication, and cognitive development, according to lead researcher Eric Courchesne, Ph.D., of the University of California, San Diego. Courchesne and colleagues reported in the November 9 JAMA that the brains of seven boys with autism contained 67 percent more cortical cells than brains of boys without autism. Those cells develop in great numbers early in fetal development but are normally removed during the last trimester.

Source: American Psychiatric Association

by Norma Desmond

Image: Norma Desmond

Autism is normally diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 3. But new research is finding symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in babies as young as 12 months. If children could be diagnosed earlier, it might be possible to help them earlier—and maybe even stop them from developing autism, according to the author of a new paper published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

“In the field, there’s this new excitement,” says Brooke Ingersoll of Michigan State University. “We’re starting to get a picture of what autism looks like in the first years of life.” Because autism normally isn’t diagnosed until a child starts to show delays in talking and other milestones that typically occur after age 2, it’s been difficult to look at what children are like in the first years of life. Until recently, psychological scientists have only been able to learn about the children’s behavior as an infant and toddler by asking their parents, and sometimes looking at home movies. [continue reading…]

New toy helps kids with autism

A responsive, mechanised toy designed especially for autistic children six months and up has been created to teach positive play behaviours.

‘Auti’ develops speaking, touching, and collaborating skills. It shuts down in response to any negative behaviour such as hitting or screaming, but quickly responds to the slightest positive interaction such as speaking gently or stroking. Each sensor can be adjusted to respond appropriately to a child’s individual characteristics.

Auti from Helen Andreae on Vimeo.

“Autistic children find it difficult to play,” says designer Helen Andreae, who developed Auti through an industrial design paper at Victoria University in the final year of her Honours degree last year under the supervision of lecturers Tim Miller and Edgar Rodríguez Ramírez.

“They have great difficulty using their imagination to develop even the simplest fictional scenarios and have even further difficulties playing with other children because they often don’t understand how they should control their voice and body. This can scare other children away when they are trying to make friends.

“I have had an awareness of autism for a long time, through family discussions and through observing the autistic child of a friend. In developing my design challenge, I thought a toy which could help families dealing with autism would be a positive area to focus my energies on.”

The toy was designed in consultation with a child psychologist who works with autistic children and a professor whose research specialty is teaching autistic children. Dr Peter Andreae from Victoria’s School of Engineering and Computer Science did the computer programming.

Ms Andreae says the toy is currently a prototype, so she has only allowed children of friends and family to play with it to avoid damage.

“The response to it has been positive—children love the fluffiness of Auti which is made of possum fur,” she says.

“If one day Auti was commercialised it would need further fine tuning and I’d look at broadening its functions for a range of teaching applications.”

Source: University of Wellington

How can Autism be treated?

by Norma Desmond

Image: Norma Desmond

As parents of children with autism know all too well there is no cure for autism. But there are many types of treatment that mitigate the effects of the disorder, most of them behavioral rather than pharmaceutical.

“There are some drug treatments,” explains Dr. Susan Bookheimer, “but behaviorally I think most of us agree that early intense treatment is still the very best intervention for autism.” These treatments (  which are discussed in greater detail in the article on Big Think) focus on changing a child’s environment and teaching children and caregivers better communication and learning strategies. Curious? Continue reading

Image:Creative Commons
Source: BigThink